You know ginger.

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Zingiber
Species: Z. officinale
Ginger (Zingiber officinale), is a rhizome plant very popular as a spice and medicinal materials. Rhizome fingers shaped bulge in the middle sections. Caused a dominant spicy flavor compounds called ketones zingeron.
Including tribal Zingiberaceae ginger (Intersection-finding). The scientific name given by William Roxburgh ginger from the Greek word zingiberi, from Sanskrit, singaberi.

History. 

Ginger is thought to have originated from India. But there is also a trust ginger comes from the People's Republic of China Southern. Of India, taken as ginger spice trade to Southeast Asia, China, Japan, and the Middle East. Then in the days of colonialism, ginger can provide a warm and spicy flavor to the food soon became a popular commodity in Europe.

Botany and Systematics. 

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Is one kind of plant that belongs to the tribe Zingiberaceae. Zingiber name is derived from Sanskrit "singabera" and Greek "zingiberi" meaning horn, because the shape of the ginger rhizome similar to deer antlers. Officinale is latin (officina) meaning used in pharmacy or medicine.
Ginger is known by the common name (UK) garden ginger or ginger. The name ginger comes from French: gingembre, Old English: gingifere, Latin: ginginer, Greece (Greek): zingiberis (ζιγγίβερις). But the original word of Zingiber is derived from the Tamil inji ver. Botanical term for root in Tamil is ver, so the root of inji is inji ver. In Indonesia, ginger has a variety of regional names. In Sumatra called ginger (Aceh), beuing (Gayo), bahing (Karo), pege (Toba), sipode (Mandailaing), Lahia (Nias), sipodeh (Minangkabau), page (Lubu), and jahi (Lampung). In Java, known as ginger ginger (Sunda), Jae (Java), jhai (Madura), and Jae (Kangean). In Sulawesi, ginger known as wilt (Mongondow), moyuman (Axis), Melito (Gorontalo), Yuyo (Buol), Siwei (Baree), Laia (Makassar), and pace (Bugis). In Nusa Tenggara, called jae (Bali), parings (Milky), alia (Sumba), and lea (Flores). In Borneo (Dayak), ginger known as lai, in Banjarmasin called tipakan. In Maluku, ginger called hairalo (Amahai), PUSU, seeia, sehi (Ambon), sehi (Hila), sehil (Nusalaut), siwew (Buns), garaka (Ternate), gora (Tidore), and judgments (Aru). In Papua, ginger is called rope (Kalanapat) and Marman (Kapaur). The presence of the name of ginger in various regions in Indonesia shows ginger spread all over Indonesia. Because ginger can only survive in the tropics, planting can only be done in equatorial regions such as Southeast Asia, Brazil, and Africa. Currently Equador and Brazil become the biggest supplier of ginger in the world. In systematics of plants, including ginger plants in the kingdom Plantae, Subkingdom Tracheobionta, Superdivisi: Spermatophyta Division: Magnoliophyta / Pteridophyyta, Subdivision: Angiospermae, Class: Liliopsida-Monocotyledoneae, Subkelass: Zingiberidae, Order: Zingiberales, Tribe / Family: Zingiberaceae, Genus: Zingiber P. Mill. Species: Zingiber officinale. Ginger is a synonym name: Amomum angustifolium Salisb., And Amomum Zingiber L. There are about 47 genera and 1,400 species of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae in the tribe, which is spread throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. Spreading largest Zingiber eastern hemisphere of the earth, particularly the Indo Malayan origin which is where most of the genus Zingiber. In Southeast Asia are found around 80-90 types of Zingiber is estimated to come from India, Malaya and Papua. But until now, the ginger plant origin is not known. Ginger is likely to come from China and India, but the vast genetic diversity found in Myanmar and India, which is believed to be the center of diversity of ginger. Ginger has a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 22, but some cultivars of ginger known as polyploid. There is a type of Z. officinale which has chromosome number as many as 28.
Karyotype identified 32 cultivars of ginger (Z. officinale) and found the whole ginger cultivars have somatic chromosome numbered 22 and was also found that the presence of asymmetric chromosome (chromosome B) in all cultivars except cultivar Bangkok and Jorhat. It was found that Z. officinale are aneuploid (2n = 24), polyploid (2n = 66) and there are B chromosomes (2n = 22 + 2B). But Etikawati and Setiawan (2000), Z. officinale cultivars small white ginger (CVD), elephants and red have chromosome number of 2n = 32. Eksomtramage observed chromosome number 3 Z. officinale species from Thailand and found 2n = 2x = 22. Stated the number of chromosomes in white ginger and red ginger namely 2n = 24 = 22 + 2B. Cytologic analysis ever done on 5 Zingiber species, in addition to finding the number of chromosomes in all species 2n = 22 also proves the structure crossovers due to inversion events. Observations on the metaphase stage of mitosis found that ginger diploid (2n = 2x = 22) had an average length of chromosome 128.02 lm and a width of 5.82 lm. The ratio of the longest and shortest chromosome arm is 2:06: 1, nearly 45.5% of chromosomes have 2 arms and there are 2 different chromosomes. The variation in the number of chromosomes is a mechanism of adaptation and species formation in plants. It is also a cause of genetic variation on ginger. In addition, the discovery of the structure of crossovers thought to be the cause of low fertility pollen that causes the formation of fruits and seeds in ginger are rare.

Morphological traits. 

Ginger Plants.

Stem ginger is a pseudo-stem height of 30 to 100 cm. Shaped roots rhizomes with roots flesh colored yellow to reddish with a pungent odor. Pinnate leaves with a length of 15 to 23 mm and a length of 8 to 15 mm. Downy petiole.
Flowers grow out of the ground ginger oval with a length of 3.5 to 5 cm and a width of 1.5 to 1.75 cm. Scaly peduncle of 5 to 7 pieces. Yellowish green flowers. Lips flowers and purple anthers. Pistil stalk numbered two.

Processing and marketing. 

Ginger rhizome, especially those harvested at a young age do not last long stored in the warehouse. It is necessary for processing as soon as possible in order to stay fit for consumption. To get a quality ginger, ginger harvested at not too young nor too old.
Fresh ginger in addition marketed in the form of processed ginger, also marketed in the form of fresh ginger, ie after harvest, cleaned and sold to markets ginger.
There are some results contained in ginger processing market, namely:
Dried ginger
Preserved ginger
Ginger powder
Ginger oil
Ginger oleoresin

Dried ginger. 

A piece of dried ginger slices cut thin slices fibers (digebing). This type is very popular in the traditional market.

Preserved ginger. 

Is the result of the traditional processing of fresh ginger. The most commonly found on the market is, tingting ginger (ginger candy), pickles, pickles, syrup, and ginger instant. Some types of processed ginger is preferred by consumers from the region of Asia and Australia.

Ground ginger. 

Is the result of further processing of ginger using technology industry, then dried ginger powder grains milled to fineness specified. Ginger powder required for pharmaceutical use, beverages, alcohol and herbs. Usually dry ginger raw materials.

Ginger oleoresin. 

Is the result of further processing of ginger powder. The shape of the brown liquid with a volatile oil content of 15 to 35%.

Habitat. 

Ginger thrives at altitudes from 0 to 1500 meters above sea level, except for the type of ginger at a height of 500 to 950 meters.
To be able to produce optimally, needed rainfall 2500 to 3000 mm per year, 80% humidity and moist soil with a pH of 5.5 to 7.0 and high nutrients. Land used for planting ginger should not be stagnant.

Varieties. 

There are three types of ginger are popular in the market, namely:
Ginger elephant / rhino ginger.
Ginger is most preferred in the international market. The shape is a big fat and it's not too spicy. Flesh is yellow to white rhizomes.

Yellow ginger. 

Ginger is widely used as a spice in cooking, mainly for local consumption. The taste and aroma is quite sharp. The size of the rhizome is yellow.

Red ginger. 

This type of ginger essential oil contains high and most spicy flavor, making it suitable for pharmaceutical basic ingredients and herbs. The size of the smallest rhizome with red leather, fibers greater than ordinary ginger.

Product ginger. 

Ginger is commonly used to relieve colds.
In western societies, ginger ale is a popular product. While Japan and China is like pickled ginger. Ginger syrup liked the people of China, Europe and Japan.
In Indonesia, sekoteng, bandrek, and ginger is a popular beverage because it can provide a sense of warmth at night, especially in mountainous areas. Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://storeconveniences.blogspot.com/2014/08/you-know-ginger.html
DatePublished: August 27, 2014 at 20:29

Tag : You know ginger.